Python 中介者模式讲解和代码示例
中介者是一种行为设计模式， 让程序组件通过特殊的中介者对象进行间接沟通， 达到减少组件之间依赖关系的目的。
中介者能使得程序更易于修改和扩展， 而且能更方便地对独立的组件进行复用， 因为它们不再依赖于很多其他的类。
复杂度：
流行度：
使用示例： 中介者模式在 Python 代码中最常用于帮助程序 GUI 组件之间的通信。 在 MVC 模式中， 控制器是中介者的同义词。
概念示例
本例说明了中介者设计模式的结构并重点回答了下面的问题：
- 它由哪些类组成？
- 这些类扮演了哪些角色？
- 模式中的各个元素会以何种方式相互关联？
main.py: 概念示例
from __future__ import annotations
from abc import ABC
class Mediator(ABC):
"""
The Mediator interface declares a method used by components to notify the
mediator about various events. The Mediator may react to these events and
pass the execution to other components.
"""
def notify(self, sender: object, event: str) -> None:
pass
class ConcreteMediator(Mediator):
def __init__(self, component1: Component1, component2: Component2) -> None:
self._component1 = component1
self._component1.mediator = self
self._component2 = component2
self._component2.mediator = self
def notify(self, sender: object, event: str) -> None:
if event == "A":
print("Mediator reacts on A and triggers following operations:")
self._component2.do_c()
elif event == "D":
print("Mediator reacts on D and triggers following operations:")
self._component1.do_b()
self._component2.do_c()
class BaseComponent:
"""
The Base Component provides the basic functionality of storing a mediator's
instance inside component objects.
"""
def __init__(self, mediator: Mediator = None) -> None:
self._mediator = mediator
@property
def mediator(self) -> Mediator:
return self._mediator
@mediator.setter
def mediator(self, mediator: Mediator) -> None:
self._mediator = mediator
"""
Concrete Components implement various functionality. They don't depend on other
components. They also don't depend on any concrete mediator classes.
"""
class Component1(BaseComponent):
def do_a(self) -> None:
print("Component 1 does A.")
self.mediator.notify(self, "A")
def do_b(self) -> None:
print("Component 1 does B.")
self.mediator.notify(self, "B")
class Component2(BaseComponent):
def do_c(self) -> None:
print("Component 2 does C.")
self.mediator.notify(self, "C")
def do_d(self) -> None:
print("Component 2 does D.")
self.mediator.notify(self, "D")
if __name__ == "__main__":
# The client code.
c1 = Component1()
c2 = Component2()
mediator = ConcreteMediator(c1, c2)
print("Client triggers operation A.")
c1.do_a()
print("\n", end="")
print("Client triggers operation D.")
c2.do_d()
Output.txt: 执行结果
Client triggers operation A.
Component 1 does A.
Mediator reacts on A and triggers following operations:
Component 2 does C.
Client triggers operation D.
Component 2 does D.
Mediator reacts on D and triggers following operations:
Component 1 does B.
Component 2 does C.
